Pdf molecular plant breeding download full pdf book download. Scientists believe the challenge can be met by implementing new and improved techniques of quantitative trait inheritance in plant breeding. It also provides an overview of the fascinating field of insectplant relationships, which is fundamental to the study of hostplant resistance to insects. Higher seed rate of 25 % is recommended to compensate for germination loss and to ensure adequate crop stand. Sugarcane improvement through breeding, volume 11 1st edition. Plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Pdf molecular plant breeding download full pdf book. However, growing sugarcane is not a hardworking job but it requires good care and management while sugarcane farming to produce optimum since this crop is very susceptible to the climate conditions, type of soil, manure and. This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk assessment of genetically modified forms of the species that may be released into the australian environment. Purchase sugarcane improvement through breeding, volume 11 1st edition. It is not surprising that its vocabulary, even, includes terms foreign to other fields of breeding. Breeding for improved sugar content in sugarcane sciencedirect.
Sugarcane breeding objectives for introgression of desirable traits. Sugarcane is a glycophyte, sucrose storing member of tall growing perennial monocotyledonous grass. It would be therefore worthwhile for the growers to manipulate the environment in such a way as. Ii growth and production of sugarcane willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systems eolss sugar cane is a perennial grass that thrives well in tropical and frostfree warm temperate areas. Sugarcane is also one the most grown commercial crop, all over the world. It is most important for the agricultural countries such as nepal. Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats ssrs, are widely used in genetic fingerprinting, kinship analysis, and population genetics, because of the advantages of high variability from codominant and multiallelic polymorphisms, and accurate and rapid detection. Concurrently, improvements in management techniques, fertilization, and irrigation have all played a role in increasing sugarcane productivity 12. Sugarcane, saccharum officinarum, perennial grass of the family poaceae, primarily cultivated for its juice from which sugar is processed. Benedito 5 1department of cell biology and genetics, universidade federal do rio grande do norte ufrn, natal, rn. Cane can be planted mechanically, but manual planting is common in most parts.
At sugarcane breeding institute, an improved manually operated bud chipping machine was fabricated. Sugarcane saccharum officinarum 2n 80 cross pollination is the rule in sugarcane. Sugarcane for jaggery manufacture plant as well as ratoon crop 225. In the conventional plant breeding programme, the development of a new variety or hybrid takes about five to twelve years, starting from inbred production and then hybridization and selection of f 1 hybrids. Brazil uses sugarcane bagasse in cogeneration in sugarcane distilleries or as animal feed that in creases significantly the overall efficiency of the system. Conventional sugarcane breeding in south africa semantic scholar. Copersucar international sugarcane breeding workshop 1. Director, sugarcane breeding lnstttute, coimbatore. Accelerating genetic gain in sugarcane breeding using. It was established to promote research efforts in sugarcane production and is. Self male and female sterility, protogyny and hanging dow n of anthers away from the stigma at the time of anthesis promote self pollination.
Genetics, genomics and breeding of sugarcane 1st edition. The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in brazil, as the canes. However, a later study on different cultivars, using gish and other methods, estimated. Breeding insect resistant crops for sustainable agriculture. Genetic variabilities and genetic gains for yield components in. Sugarcane is a hybrid of two species, each of which is genetically complex. Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book agrimoon. Hybridization is the one of the most useful technique that works for the welfare of human beings. Recentlydeveloped molecular markers are becoming powerful tools, with applications in crop genetics and improvement.
This phenomenon facilitated breeding of modern sugarcane cultivars as the. Challenges, opportunities and recent advances in sugarcane. Breeding new sugarcane clones by mixed models under genotype. Issues of starch in sugarcane processing and prospects of breeding for low starch content in sugarcane 4 sugar cane international,mayjune 2008 vol. Biotechnology encompasses a number of tools and elements of conventional breeding techniques, bioinformatics, microbiology, molecular genetics, biochemistry. Sustainable sugarcane initiative farmers cultivating sugarcane are facing multiple problems. Sugarcane provides raw material for the second largest agrobased industry after textile.
Brazil uses sugarcane bagasse in cogeneration in sugarcane distilleries or as animal feed that increases significantly the overall efficiency of the system. Characterization of 26 genotypes of sugarcane using ssr markers. Ethirajan as 1987 sugarcane hybridization techniques. However, this superiority will only be capitalized if the.
Breeding bioenergy grasses began at ufifas in the early 1980s with the creation of the napier grassbreeding program by stanley schank. Genetic variabilities and genetic gains for yield components in regional sugarcane breeding programmes on reunion island. To overcome the sexual barrier prefertilisation and postfertilisation, there is the need of modern non. Sugarcane available for download and read online in other formats.
To overcome the sexual barrier prefertilisation and postfertilisation, there is. Sugarcane being a long duration crop produces huge amount of biomass, and requires large quantity of water 11002200 mm and is mostly grown as an irrigated crop using surface irrigation. Usually anthesis will be in early morning between 5 am and 6 am. Plant breeding technique also even help in the nepal to create many new plants. Transformation and expression of a gene for herbicide resistance in a brazilian sugarcane. Challenges, opportunities and recent advances in sugarcane breeding 271 use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline blend and is gaining market momentum in many countries with a worldwide increasing demand for ethanol production leite et al. Within 10 days the buds will develop into roots and there will be good root system. This book will serve as a vademecum for cane growers, sugar and sugarcane technologists, students and teachers. Breeding new sugarcane clones by mixed models under. Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. Techniques for making bud chips, their storability, transport, raising the seedlings in polythene bag as well as their survival and. In this article we will discuss about the biotechnology in plant breeding. Nevertheless, traditional breeding has normally solved pathogen and productive problems in sugarcane agriculture.
In agriculture sector, sugarcane shared is about 7% of the total value of agriculture out put and occupied about 2. For genetic diversity studies 26 sugarcane genotypes including elite lines, commercial cultivars were selected from sugarcane growing centers of pakistan. It was established in 1912 and is affiliated to indian council of agricultural research. The future objective of breeding programs is to develop sugarcane with high productivity, high sucrose content, drought tolerance, and high production of ethanol and biomass, i. Sugarcane breeding institute sbi is a central research institute in coimbatore, india. The high level of genetic complexity in sugarcane creates challenges in the application of both conventional and molecular breeding to the genetic improvement of sugarcane as a sugar and energy crop.
The cut stem can be transferred to a mud pot having moist mud. Sugarcane and maize are the major crops produced in the region, and south africa is the major producer with 43. Development and use of simple sequence repeats ssrs markers. Breeding methods and genetic mapping find, read and. Most of the worlds sugarcane is grown in subtropical and tropical areas. In thesecond part, energy and fibre cane, cane development, and manufacturing techniques of sugar and byproducts are treated in detail. Plant breeding definition, methods, steps and videos. This map depicts the distribution of sugarcane in the world. The breeding of sugar cane is one of the most highly specialized branches of plant breeding, involving, as it does, special techniques peculiar to itself and a highly intractable material for genetical and especially cytological study. However, growing sugarcane is not a hardworking job but it requires good care and management while sugarcane farming to produce optimum since this crop is very susceptible to the climate conditions, type of soil, manure and fertilizers, the way of. Chapter 1 introduction in vitro approaches for improvement of sugarcane cultivar page 1 introduction sugarcane is an oldest crop known to man, a major crop of tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This new volume provides a better understanding of molecular plant breeding in order to boost the quality of agriculture produce, to increase crop yields and to provide nutritious food for everyone by 2050.
Feb 22, 2011 ethirajan as 1987 sugarcane hybridization techniques. An improvement in sugar content of sugarcane increases sugar yields with only a small marginal increase in costs of production. Breeding method and strategies for sugarcane lignocellulosic. Development and use of simple sequence repeats ssrs. In modifying amd developing postgraduate course in genetics and plant breeding, emphasis has been given to keep a balance among major components like basic genetics, cytogenetics, plant breeding, quantitative genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology. During flowering period, the sugarcane stem will be cut leaving one or two bud. An integrated approach involving the measures indicated belowe to be employed to manage sugarcane under salinity and to improve productivity. Sugarcane farming process, profit little about sugarcane production. It is also the case that a specialist plant breeder. More and more specific characters are being added on among the breeding objectives in different countries depending on the local problems. In the conventional plant breeding programme, the development of a new variety or hybrid takes about five to twelve years, starting from inbred production and then hybridization and selection of f1 hybrids. Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats ssrs, are widely used in genetic fingerprinting, kinship analysis, and population genetics, because of the advantages of high variability from codominant and multiallelic polymorphisms, and accurate and rapid. Currently in ethiopia, the breeding program involves only the import of fuzz and selection of exotic lines.
It takes 12 to 14 years to produce a few new elite clones from 100 000 or more seedlings at an estimated cost of 1 million dollars per clone birch, 1993. It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant. This monograph will focus only on agricultural crop biotechnology. Agronomy free fulltext development and use of simple. Sugarcane varieties are developed at sugarcane breeding institutions of the world through screening of large number seedlings raised from fuzz true seeds obtained from through breeding. Breeding method and strategies for sugarcane lignocellulosic ethanol.
This book will serve as a vademecum for cane growers, sugar and. Commercial sugarcane hybrid cultivars have arisen through intensive selective breeding of species within the saccharum genus, primarily involving crosses between s. It carries out research and development activities also that are related to varietal improvement. More than 90 percent of floridas sugarcane acreage is planted with cultivars from this program. A high tension steel blade is used to scoop the bud as chips from a horizontally fed cane. Messmer and others published plant breeding techniques find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Sugarcane improvement through breeding, volume 11 1st. Saccharum officinarum was the primary source of genes for sucrose accumula tion, whereas s. In vitro techniques and their applications in plant breeding are discussed with an emphasis on embryo rescue, somatic cell hybridization and somaclonal variation. The biology of saccharum spp sugarcane office of the gene technology regulator section 2 origin and cultivation.
Agricultural biotechnology is the term used in crop and livestock improvement through biotechnology tools. Notes on concept of breeding techniques grade 12 biology. About 527 working sugar factories with total installed annual sugar. Issues of starch in sugarcane processing and prospects of. It requires high temperatures, plenty of sunlight, large quantities of. Characterization of 26 genotypes of sugarcane using ssr. The problem is going to further deteriorate due to variability of rainfall in. Review on in vitro propagation of sugarcane to advance the. Sugarcane growing countries of the world are lying between the latitude 36. This makes gains in sugar content economically more beneficial than corresponding increases in cane yield, and means that increased sugar content is an important objective of sugarcane breeding programs. Improved varieties are now available for almost all the growing conditions in the world. Water is one of the major constraints and it is affecting the productivity and pro.
Pdf sugarcane production, processing and marketing in tanzania. Pdf sugarcane production, processing and marketing in. Comstock2 1cirad, umr bgpi, f34398 montpellier, france. In sugarcane development, selection of parents for crossing needs careful characterization and assessment of the germplasm, as well as thorough knowledge and breeding techniques. Genomics of quantitative resistance to brown rust puccinia. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, rodrigo gazaffi and others published sugarcane. In addition to various biotechnological applications in plant breeding, it includes functional genomics, mutations and methods of detection, and molecular markers.
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